英国里士满邱园皇家植物园William J. Baker团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究提出了系统基因组学与被子植物的兴起。相关研究成果2024年4月24日在线发表于《自然》杂志上。

据介绍，被子植物是大多数陆地生态系统和人类生计的基石。需要对被子植物演化有深入的了解，才能解释它们在生态上的优势地位。到目前为止，被子植物的生命树主要是通过质体基因组的分析来确定的。许多研究都借鉴了这一基础性工作，如被子植物的分类和自中生代起源以来对其多样性的首次见解。然而，对分类群和基因组的有限和有偏见的采样破坏了人们对该树及其含义的信心。

研究人员使用用一套标准化的353个核基因构建了近8000个(约60%)被子植物属的生命树。与可比较的核研究相比，属级水平采样增加了15倍，这为早期结果提供了一个关键的检验，并给关键群体带来了显著的变化，尤其是在蔷薇科，同时证实了许多先前预测的关系。使用200个化石对这棵树进行时间缩放，研究人员发现早期被子植物演化的特点是高基因树冲突和爆炸性多样化，产生了80%以上的现存被子植物目。在剩下的中生代，稳定的多样化一直持续到新生代，与此同时，全球气温下降，并与基因树冲突密切相关。

总之，这种广泛采样与先进的系统发育学方法相结合，显示了一个超级多样化演化枝的深厚历史和完整的复杂性。

附：英文原文

Title: Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms

Author: Zuntini, Alexandre R., Carruthers, Tom, Maurin, Olivier, Bailey, Paul C., Leempoel, Kevin, Brewer, Grace E., Epitawalage, Niroshini, Franoso, Elaine, Gallego-Paramo, Berta, McGinnie, Catherine, Negro, Raquel, Roy, Shyamali R., Simpson, Lalita, Toledo Romero, Eduardo, Barber, Vanessa M. A., Botigu, Laura, Clarkson, James J., Cowan, Robyn S., Dodsworth, Steven, Johnson, Matthew G., Kim, Jan T., Pokorny, Lisa, Wickett, Norman J., Antar, Guilherme M., DeBolt, Lucinda, Gutierrez, Karime, Hendriks, Kasper P., Hoewener, Alina, Hu, Ai-Qun, Joyce, Elizabeth M., Kikuchi, Izai A. B. S., Larridon, Isabel, Larson, Drew A., de Lrio, Elton John, Liu, Jing-Xia, Malakasi, Panagiota, Przelomska, Natalia A. S., Shah, Toral, Viruel, Juan, Allnutt, Theodore R., Ameka, Gabriel K., Andrew, Rose L., Appelhans, Marc S., Arista, Montserrat, Ariza, Mara Jess, Arroyo, Juan, Arthan, Watchara, Bachelier, Julien B., Bailey, C. Donovan, Barnes, Helen F., Barrett, Matthew D., Barrett, Russell L., Bayer, Randall J., Bayly, Michael J., Biffin, Ed, Biggs, Nicky, Birch, Joanne L., Bogarn, Diego, Borosova, Renata, Bowles, Alexander M. C., Boyce, Peter C., Bramley, Gemma L. C., Briggs, Marie, Broadhurst, Linda, Brown, Gillian K., Bruhl, Jeremy J., Bruneau, Anne, Buerki, Sven, Burns, Edie, Byrne, Margaret, Cable, Stuart, Calladine, Ainsley

Issue&Volume: 2024-04-24

Abstract: Angiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods1,2. A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome3,4. Many studies have drawn on this foundational work, such as classification and first insights into angiosperm diversification since their Mesozoic origins5–7. However, the limited and biased sampling of both taxa and genomes undermines confidence in the tree and its implications. Here, we build the tree of life for almost 8,000 (about 60%) angiosperm genera using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes8. This 15-fold increase in genus-level sampling relative to comparable nuclear studies9 provides a critical test of earlier results and brings notable change to key groups, especially in rosids, while substantiating many previously predicted relationships. Scaling this tree to time using 200 fossils, we discovered that early angiosperm evolution was characterized by high gene tree conflict and explosive diversification, giving rise to more than 80% of extant angiosperm orders. Steady diversification ensued through the remaining Mesozoic Era until rates resurged in the Cenozoic Era, concurrent with decreasing global temperatures and tightly linked with gene tree conflict. Taken together, our extensive sampling combined with advanced phylogenomic methods shows the deep history and full complexity in the evolution of a megadiverse clade. Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07324-0

来源：科学网  小柯机器人